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Basic computer notions

:

Layered Data Storage Model:

Type	Lifetime	Size	Access speed
Register	CPU clock cycles	bytes	Internal CPU bus speed
Cache (L1, L2)	application time slice	line (KB)	main bus speed
RAM	application run time	1GB	0.1 main bus speed
HDD USB Stick	years	1TB	Mbps

Access speed: Latency, bandwidth
Overflow: Swap
Speed up: Cache
Transfer: chunks of data (blocks, lines, packets)

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The microprocessor:

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The memory:

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Adding a subsystem:

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Managing subsystems:

IoT

• GPIO controller -> interrupt to northbridge
• GPIO pins: trigger GPIO controller interrupts when condition is met
• Sensors: connected to GPIO pins
  

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The computer:

:

Assembly language
DeepSeek (?)